Urban design in Indian cities and towns may not have received the well-deserved attention, but it undeniably plays a crucial role in the grand schemes of urban life. As we navigate the ever-evolving urban landscape of this diverse subcontinent, it becomes evident that urban design is not a mere frivolity; it is, in fact, the very backbone of efficient urban mobility. In a country where the cacophony of traffic seems to possess a rhythm of its own, urban design wields the power to harmonise this chaos, redefine the way we traverse our cities, and seamlessly integrate functionality and aesthetics into the very essence of our urban existence
The hustle and bustle of Indian cities are distinctive, and the way we move within them is ever-evolving. From local trains in Mumbai to metro systems in many million-plus cities today, public transportation, in particular, and urban mobility, in general, has witnessed a sea change in the last couple of decades. Using public transportation is becoming a pleasurable experience in Indian cities, thanks to focused interventions in advanced transport technology and effective use of urban design for improved efficacy and convenience.
Urban design isn’t just about creating aesthetically pleasing spaces; it’s about crafting the very fabric of our cities, making them efficient, sustainable, and people-centric. Urban areas designed to shape and enable new mobility—by rethinking streets, parking, and more—can lower emissions, enhance health, and improve equity.
Why Urban Design Matters
Cities in India are growing, and it is expected that more than 800 million people will be living in cities in the next 25 years, which will be about 50 per cent of India’s population in 2050. This will require more efficient urban mobility systems, and urban design can strategically improve mobility by enhancing efficiency, connectivity, and safety while reducing congestion and pollution.
Congested streets and rising pollution levels are some of the most pressing issues in our urban areas. Nearly every major city faces these challenges. Urban design that encourages public transportation and pedestrian-friendly streets helps reduce the number of vehicles on the road, subsequently lowering pollution levels. In a world increasingly aware of climate change, sustainable urban design is a necessity. Efficient public transportation, green spaces, and smart infrastructure can significantly reduce a city’s carbon footprint.
A city’s design influences the quality of life of its residents. Walkable neighbourhoods, parks, and open spaces contribute to a healthier and happier urban experience. It’s not just about getting from point A to point B; it’s about enjoying the journey.
Urban design is not just about aesthetics but also about creating efficient networks. Well-planned road layouts, accessible public transportation systems, and integration of various modes of transport contribute to smoother connectivity. Cities designed with mobility in mind tend to attract more businesses and investments. When commuting is hassle-free, businesses can thrive, leading to economic growth.
Copenhagen Model
In the last century, most of our cities were designed to be car-friendly cities, with wide roads and ample parking spaces prioritized. This needs to change, and some cities are already working on it. Take the example of Copenhagen. In this vibrant city, where bicycles reign supreme and urban sustainability is the goal, a remarkable transformation is underway. The city aspires to be the first capital city to achieve carbon neutrality by 2025. At the core of this noble ambition lies Copenhagen’s urban mobility plan, a blueprint designed to limit the role of automobiles within the city to a mere one-third of all journeys, with bicycles and public transportation taking centre stage.
This new mobility plan represents a paradigm shift towards a more environmentally friendly and adaptable transportation model. Currently, all the metro and bus stations in Copenhagen are adorned with bicycle parking facilities, while the once car-congested 18 town squares have been transformed into lively, car-free zones. These reclaimed urban spaces now serve as crucibles for fresh cultural experiences, public gatherings, and innovative ways of getting around.
But that’s not all; the plan also pours substantial resources into enhancing bicycle infrastructure, meticulously crafting and nurturing bike lanes. Copenhagen’s urban mobility plan is indeed a journey towards a greener, more harmonious urban existence where urban design components add value, such as green lanes and pathways, exclusive for cyclists. There are many such examples from different countries around the world. According to an article in State of Green, in Odense, Denmark, an innovative rain sensor has been introduced in a traffic light situated along their Super Bike Highway. This sensor enables the intersection to detect rainfall, resulting in cyclists benefiting from up to an additional 20 seconds of green light. This innovation means less time spent waiting at a red light during rainy weather. The rain sensor is integrated with two motion detectors mounted on the traffic light, creating a system that can identify when bicycles are within 70 meters of the intersection. As a result, the system automatically extends the duration of the green light for cyclists approaching the junction.
Collaboration is the Key
The success of urban design in shaping mobility depends on collaboration between urban planners, architects, and policymakers. These professionals need to work together to create a holistic approach to urban development. They should consider factors like land use, zoning, public transportation, and the integration of various modes of mobility.
Urban planners must prioritize the needs of the citizens. To design a city that serves its residents, planners must understand their daily routines, challenges, and preferences. The urban landscape should be a reflection of the people it houses, ensuring that it meets their expectations and enhances their quality of life. Architects play a crucial role in ensuring that urban design aligns with the city’s culture, heritage, and environment. They must marry the old and the new, creating structures and spaces that resonate with the city’s identity while embracing modern needs. This balancing act is not easy but is essential for a city’s long-term sustainability.
The Way Forward
Indian cities can no longer afford to ignore this crucial aspect of urban planning. Many success stories illustrate that efficient mobility systems shape our cities into more livable, efficient, and sustainable spaces. Cities need to invest in public transportation, encourage non-motorized transport, and integrate technology for better efficiency.
Developing efficient and widespread public transportation systems including metro systems, buses, and commuter trains can provide an attractive alternative to private vehicles. Promoting walking and cycling by creating dedicated lanes and pedestrian-friendly areas is also needed. This not only reduces traffic congestion but also promotes a healthier lifestyle. Another step in the right direction can be leveraging technology for better traffic management, real-time information, and smart city solutions. These advancements can improve the overall mobility experience in our cities.
Urban design is not an optional luxury; it’s a necessity for the future of our cities. It holds the key to addressing the mobility challenges that plague us. As we navigate the cities, urban design interventions enrich our urban experience. We have the power to mould our cities into thriving, sustainable, and liveable spaces. It’s time to put urban design at the forefront of our urban planning endeavours and ensure that our cities move forward with grace, elegance, and efficiency.
In Odense, Denmark, an innovative rain sensor has been introduced in a traffic light situated along their Super Bike Highway. This sensor enables the intersection to detect rainfall, resulting in cyclists benefiting from up to an additional 20 seconds of green light. This innovation means less time spent waiting at a red light during rainy weather. The rain sensor is integrated with two motion detectors mounted on the traffic light, creating a system that can identify when bicycles are within 70 meters of the intersection. As a result, the system automatically extends the duration of the green light for cyclists approaching the junction