The time for debating and pinpointing who is responsible for climate change is over. It is affecting everyone. In this edition of G20 chaired by India, the nation has cemented its desire to intensify its pro climate actions in all sphere of its development process and urged the world to be mindful of its energy and lifestyle choices. The nation is working on the mission without impeding its works of eradicating poverty and bringing prosperity in people’s lives through development
It is a general perception that if nations or cities are focusing on environment and reducing emissions, the objective of achieving larger social prosperity and the pace of building infrastructure will inevitably be affected. India has boldly shattered this conventional myth, demonstrating that such a dichotomy need not exist. Rather than viewing environmental concerns as impediments, India has incorporated them into the very fabric of its development plans. It is not that everything is perfect everywhere but the nation has started considering the long-term impact on environment while making infrastructure development plans.
The nation has almost tripled its energy generation from renewable sources from 2010-11. The nation was generating about 57.55 GW of energy from renewable sources while the number has reached 177 GW in July 2023. It is a gaint leap but the nation has still miles to go to achieve net zero.
INDIA’S NET ZERO JOURNEY: A BOLD COMMITMENT WITH STEADY PROGRESS
In the fight against climate change, India has emerged as a critical player, navigating the waters of environmental responsibility and economic growth. India made a resounding statement at Glasgow in 2021 to achieve netzero carbon emissions by 2070.
The government has also made its commitment to reduce the emission intensity of its GDP by 45 per cent by 2030 from 2005 levels.
This promise sent shockwaves through the international community, for it came from a nation that had historically placed economic development at the forefront of its agenda and it was necessary too because industrial development began very late in the country. And, if the nation accelerates industrial development, the emissions are bound to go up. India has tried to maintain the balance.
India’s pledge to reach net-zero emissions was a clear signal that it recognises the urgency of the climate crisis and its role in mitigating it. It was a promise to both its citizens and the world that the country would prioritise sustainability alongside its quest for prosperity. While India is on track to meet some of its NDC goals for non-fossil fuel energy installations and emission intensity, there are still significant barriers to expanding the adoption of cutting-edge climate technology for the transition to lowcarbon pathways and for increasing the adaptive capacity of communities most at risk.
WALKING THE TALK: PROGRESS ON MULTIPLE FRONTS
In the years since that groundbreaking announcement, India has made substantial strides towards fulfilling its net-zero commitment. These achievements extend across various sectors, reflecting a comprehensive approach to sustainability.
Renewable Energy Revolution
India’s commitment to renewable energy sources has been nothing short of revolutionary. The country’s renewable energy capacity has surged, with solar and wind power leading the charge. The ambitious target of 450 GW of renewable energy by 2030 is well underway, as solar parks and wind farms dot the landscape. This not only reduces emissions but also creates jobs and bolsters energy security. The country is also leading global alliances to share best practices and find avenues of mutual benefits.
Green Transportation
India is revving up its efforts to electrify its transportation sector. Electric vehicles (EVs) are gaining traction, with government incentives and a growing charging infrastructure. Initiatives like the Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles (FAME) scheme are accelerating the shift towards cleaner mobility. In addition to the central government schemes, many state governments are also giving direct incentives to consumers and also companies operating in EV sector.
Afforestation and Carbon Sequestration
India’s commitment of increasing its forest and tree cover is a crucial part of its climate strategy. Afforestation and reforestation projects are not only absorbing carbon dioxide but also conserving biodiversity and enhancing ecosystem services. Land restoration works under various projects are underway.
Sustainable Agriculture
Agriculture is a significant contributor to India’s emissions. The government is promoting sustainable agricultural practices, emphasizing organic farming, efficient water use and reducing chemical inputs. These measures aim to make agriculture climate-resilient while reducing its carbon footprint. Many government and non-government agencies are running capacity building programs for farmers to train them in new methods of rice production to reduce methane emission.
Green Finance and Innovation
India is harnessing financial markets to fund its climate efforts. The creation of green bonds and funds, coupled with innovative financing mechanisms, is mobilising resources for sustainable projects. Urban local bodies and cities need to harness the potential of climate financing available and make their ecosystem sustainable and green, which will be beneficial for them in the long term.
CHALLENGES AND COLLABORATIONS
Yet, challenges remain on this journey towards net-zero. Balancing economic growth with emissions reduction is like a tight rope walk and needs balancing. India’s reliance on coal for energy, the need for industrial growth and concerns over job displacement in highpollution industries are formidable hurdles. However, the importance of international cooperation in tackling climate change is essential and would help countries like India.
The nation is actively engaging with global partners, participating in initiatives like the International Solar Alliance and the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure. Collaborations like these facilitate knowledge sharing and technology transfer, aiding India’s sustainable transition. For cities and local governments, many global alliances are supporting cities and guiding them in making their climate action plans and also assisting them in accessing climate financing opportunities.
THE ROAD AHEAD
India’s path to net-zero is a marathon, not a sprint. In the next 47 years until 2070, the nation will witness changes in its access to advanced technology and available resources to change the way climate change and related issues are addressed. It is a testament to the nation’s resolve to secure a sustainable future for its people while addressing the global climate crisis. The road ahead is not easy, but the commitment to bring about change is resolute. India’s netzero journey is a testimonial to the idea that when a nation as vast and diverse as India sets its eyes on a sustainable future, it can move mountains, or in this case, reduce emissions. India is going to use multiple ways to do that and while achieving net zero, the nation will also have to adapt to changing climatic conditions and build safeguards for vulnerable regions. In the years to come, we will watch the efforts coming to fruition, with hope that India’s commitment will inspire other nations to join hands in the collective fight against climate change.